Uburyo butatu bushimishije abahanga mu bya shimi bubatse imvange muri uyu mwaka
by Bethany Halford
ENZYME ZAVUGURWE ZUBATSE IBIKORESHO BYA BIRYL
Igishushanyo kigaragaza uburyo biaryl ihurirana na enzyme.
Abahanga mu bya chimie bakoresha molekile za biaryl, zifite amatsinda ya aryl afatanye n'undi hakoreshejwe umugozi umwe, nk'udutsiko tw'ikirahure, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, n'imiti. Ariko gukora molekile za biaryl hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora ibintu hakoreshejwe ibyuma, nka Suzuki na Negishi, akenshi bisaba intambwe nyinshi zo gukorana kugira ngo hakorwe imikoranire. Ikindi kandi, ubu buryo bwo gukora ibintu hakoreshejwe ibyuma buragabanuka iyo hakorwe molekile nini. Itsinda riyobowe na Alison RH Narayan wo muri Kaminuza ya Michigan ryakoresheje icyerekezo cya directed evolution kugira ngo rikore enzyme ya cytochrome P450 yubaka molekile ya biaryl binyuze mu guhuza oxidative y'imigozi ya aromatic carbon-hydrogen. Iyi enzyme ihuza molekile za aromatic kugira ngo ikore stereoisomer imwe ikikije umugozi ufite uruziga rudakora (byagaragajwe). Abashakashatsi batekereza ko ubu buryo bwo gukatalisa bushobora kuba impinduka mu gukora imitsima n'amavuta (Nature 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04365-7).
RESIPI YO GUFASHA AMINES Z'ISHUSHO ZISHYINGIWE KU MUNYU MUKE
Gahunda igaragaza uburyo amine zo mu rwego rwa gatatu zikomoka ku zindi zo mu rwego rwa kabiri.
Kuvanga katalyst z'icyuma zikenera electron na amine zikungahaye kuri electron akenshi byica katalyst, bityo reagents z'icyuma ntizishobora gukoreshwa mu kubaka amine za tertiary zivuye muri amine za secondary. M. Christina White n'abo bakorana muri Kaminuza ya Illinois Urbana-Champaign babonye ko bashobora gukemura iki kibazo baramutse bongeyeho ibirungo by'umunyu mu buryo bwabo bwo gukora reactant. Mu guhindura amine za secondary zihinduka umunyu wa ammonium, abahanga mu bya shimi basanze bashobora gukorana n'ibi binyabutabire hamwe na olefins za terminal, oxydant, na palladium sulfoxide catalyst kugira ngo bakore amine nyinshi za tertiary zifite amatsinda atandukanye y'imikorere (urugero rugaragazwa). Abahanga mu bya shimi bakoresheje uburyo bwo gukora imiti irwanya indwara zo mu mutwe Abilify na Semap no guhindura imiti isanzwe ari amine za secondary, nka Prozac igabanya ubukana, ikaba amine za tertiary, berekana uburyo abahanga mu bya shimi bashobora gukora imiti mishya mu yindi isanzwe (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8382).
AZAARENES YAFITE AKARUBONI KO KUGEZA
Gahunda igaragaza ko quinoline N-oxide yahinduwe N-acylindole.
Muri uyu mwaka abahanga mu bya shimi bongereye ku rutonde rw’uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile, ari byo bikorwa bihindura ingingo z’umubiri za molekile zikomeye. Mu rugero rumwe, abashakashatsi bakoze impinduka ikoresha urumuri na aside kugira ngo bakuremo karuboni imwe mu ma azaarene afite ibice bitandatu muri quinoline N-oxides kugira ngo hakorwe N-acylíndoles zifite impeta zifite ibice bitanu (urugero rugaragazwa). Uburyo bwo gukora, bwakozwe n’abahanga mu bya shimi bo mu itsinda rya Mark D. Levin muri Kaminuza ya Chicago, bushingiye ku buryo bwo gukora itara rya mercure, ryashyiraga urumuri rw’uburebure bwinshi. Levin na bagenzi be basanze gukoresha diode itanga urumuri itanga urumuri kuri 390 nm byabahaye uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura no gutuma habaho uburyo rusange bwo gukora quinoline N-oxides. Uburyo bushya bwo gukora ibintu buha abakora molekile uburyo bwo kuvugurura ingingo z’ibintu bikomeye kandi bushobora gufasha abahanga mu bya shimi bashaka kwagura amasomero yabo y’abashaka imiti (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abo4282).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2022