Muri Kanama, abahanga mu bya shimi batangaje ko bashobora gukora ibintu byasaga nkaho bidashoboka kuva kera: gusenya bimwe mu bihumanya ikirere biramba cyane mu bihe byoroheje. Ibintu bya Per- na polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), bikunze kwitwa imiti ihoraho, birimo kwegerana mu bidukikije no mu mibiri yacu ku muvuduko utangaje. Kuramba kwabyo, bishingiye ku mugozi ugoye gusenya karubone na fluorine, bituma PFAS iba ingirakamaro cyane nk'imyenda idapfa amazi kandi idafata ndetse n'ifuro ryo kuzimya umuriro, ariko bivuze ko imiti ikomeza mu binyejana byinshi. Bimwe mu bigize iki cyiciro kinini cy'ibinyabutabire bizwiho uburozi.
Itsinda, riyobowe na William Dichtel, umutekamutwe wa Kaminuza ya Northwestern, akaba n'umunyeshuri warangije muri kaminuza, Brittany Trang, ryasanze intege nke muri aside karubokisilike ya perfluoroalkyl na GenX, iri mu rindi tsinda rya PFAS. Gushyushya ibinyabutabire mu gikoresho gikuraho aside karubokisilike y'ibinyabutabire; kongeramo sodium hydroxide bikora akazi gasigaye, bigasiga ions za fluoride na molekile z'umwimerere zitari mbi. Uku gucika kw'umugozi ukomeye cyane wa C-F bishobora gukorwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 120 gusa (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126 / science.abm8868). Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizeye kugerageza ubu buryo mu yandi moko ya PFAS.
Mbere y’uyu murimo, ingamba nziza zo kuvura PFAS zari ugufata ibinyabutabire cyangwa kubigabanya ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyane hakoreshejwe ingufu nyinshi—bishobora no kutagira icyo bikora neza, nk’uko Jennifer Faust, umuhanga mu bya chimie muri Koleji ya Wooster abivuga. Yagize ati: “Niyo mpamvu ubu bushyuhe buke butanga icyizere.”
Ubu buryo bushya bwo gusesengura bwakiriwe neza cyane mu bijyanye n'ibindi byavumbuwe muri 2022 kuri PFAS. Muri Kanama, abashakashatsi ba Kaminuza ya Stockholm bayobowe na Ian Cousins batangaje ko amazi y'imvura ku isi yose arimo aside perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) irenga urugero rw'inama rw'Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cya Amerika ku bijyanye n'iyo miti mu mazi yo kunywa (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02765). Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko andi mazi y'imvura afite urugero rwinshi rwa aside perfluorooctanoic.
“PFOA na PFOS [aside perfluorooctanesulfonic] bimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bidakora, bityo bigaragaza uburyo bikomeza,” Faust agira ati. “Sinigeze ntekereza ko byabaho cyane.” Avuga ko akazi ka Cousins “ari ko gakomeye cyane.” Faust yavumbuye ubwoko bushya bwa PFAS—ubwo budakurikiranwa buri gihe na EPA—mu mazi y’imvura yo muri Amerika ku gipimo cyo hejuru kurusha aya mavuta ya kera (Environment. Sci.: Processes Impacts 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d2em00349j).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2022