Ubu buvumbuzi butangaje bwashimishije abanditsi ba C&EN uyu mwaka
na Krystal Vasquez
AMABANGA YA PEPTO-BISMOL
Inguzanyo: Nat.Umuganda.
Imiterere ya Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = umutuku; O = umutuku; C = imvi)
Muri uyu mwaka, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Stockholm ryatangaje ibanga rimaze ibinyejana byinshi: imiterere ya bismuth subsalicylate, ingirakamaro muri Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038 / s41467-022-29566-0).Bakoresheje itandukanyirizo rya electron, abashakashatsi basanze uruganda rutunganijwe muburyo bumeze nkinkoni.Hagati ya buri nkoni, anion ya ogisijeni isimburana hagati yikiraro cya bismuth eshatu na enye.Intungamubiri za salicylate, hagati yazo, zihuza na bismuth binyuze mumatsinda yabo ya karubasi cyangwa fenolike.Bakoresheje tekinoroji ya microscopi ya electron, abashakashatsi bavumbuye kandi itandukaniro muburyo bwo gutondekanya.Bizera ko iyi gahunda idahwitse ishobora gusobanura impamvu imiterere ya bismuth subsalicylate yashoboye guhunga abahanga igihe kirekire.
Inguzanyo: Tuyikesha Roozbeh Jafari
Rukuruzi ya Graphene ifatiye ku kuboko irashobora gutanga umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
AMAFARANGA YAMARASO
Mu myaka irenga 100, kugenzura umuvuduko wamaraso wawe bivuze ko ukuboko kwawe gukubiswe hamwe na cuff yaka.Imwe mu mbogamizi zubu buryo, ni uko buri gipimo kigereranya gusa agace gato k'ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi.Ariko mu 2022, abahanga bakoze graphene yigihe gito "tattoo" ishobora gukomeza gukurikirana umuvuduko wamaraso amasaha menshi icyarimwe (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038 / s41565-022-01145-w).Imikorere ya sensor ya carbone ikora yohereza amashanyarazi mato mumaboko yuwambaye no gukurikirana uburyo voltage ihinduka mugihe umuyaga ugenda unyura mumubiri.Agaciro kajyanye nimpinduka zubunini bwamaraso, algorithm ya mudasobwa irashobora guhinduranya mubipimo byumuvuduko wamaraso wa systolique na diastolique.Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umwe mu banditsi b'ubwo bushakashatsi, Roozbeh Jafari wo muri kaminuza ya Texas A&M, ngo iki gikoresho cyaha abaganga inzira idashimishije yo gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umutima w'umurwayi mu gihe kirekire.Irashobora kandi gufasha inzobere mu buvuzi gushungura ibintu bidasanzwe bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amaraso - nko gusura umuganga.
ABANYARWANDA BASANZWE
Inguzanyo: Mikal Schlosser / TU Danemark
Abakorerabushake bane bicaye mu cyumba kigenzurwa n’ikirere kugira ngo abashakashatsi bashobore kwiga uburyo abantu bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’ikirere.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bazi ko gusukura ibicuruzwa, gusiga amarangi, hamwe na fresheneri yo mu kirere byose bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’imbere mu nzu.Abashakashatsi bavumbuye uyu mwaka ko abantu nabo bashobora.Mu gushyira abakorerabushake bane mu cyumba kigenzurwa n’ikirere, itsinda ryabonye ko amavuta karemano y’uruhu rwabantu ashobora kwitwara hamwe na ozone mu kirere kugirango atange hydroxyl (OH) radicals (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126 / siyanse.abn0340).Iyo zimaze gushingwa, izo radicals zidakira cyane zirashobora guhinduranya imyuka yo mu kirere kandi ikabyara molekile zishobora kwangiza.Amavuta y'uruhu agira uruhare muri ibyo bitekerezo ni squalene, ifata na ozone ikora 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-imwe (6-MHO).Ozone noneho yitwara hamwe na 6-MHO gukora OH.Abashakashatsi barateganya gushingira kuri uyu murimo bakora ubushakashatsi ku buryo urwego rw’ibinyabuzima bya hydroxyl byakozwe n'abantu bishobora gutandukana mu bihe bitandukanye by’ibidukikije.Hagati aho, barizera ko ubu bushakashatsi buzatuma abahanga bongera gutekereza ku buryo basuzuma chimie yo mu ngo, kubera ko abantu badakunze kugaragara nk’isoko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
SIYANSI Y’AMAFARANGA
Kugira ngo bige ku miti yangiza ibikeri bisohoka kugira ngo birwaneho, abashakashatsi bakeneye gufata urugero rw’uruhu ku nyamaswa.Ariko tekinoroji yo gutoranya isanzwe yangiza aba amphibian yoroshye cyangwa bisaba euthanasiya.Mu 2022, abahanga bakoze uburyo bwa kimuntu bwo gupima ibikeri bakoresheje igikoresho cyitwa Ikaramu ya MasSpec, ikoresha ikaramu isa n'ikaramu mu gufata alkaloide iri inyuma yinyamaswa (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021 / acsmeasuresciau.2c00035).Iki gikoresho cyakozwe na Livia Eberlin, umuhanga mu by'imiti yisesengura muri kaminuza ya Texas muri Austin.Ubusanzwe byari bigamije gufasha abaganga gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo zifite ubuzima na kanseri mu mubiri w'umuntu, ariko Eberlin yamenye ko igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu kwiga ibikeri nyuma yo guhura na Lauren O'Connell, umuhanga mu binyabuzima muri kaminuza ya Stanford wiga uburyo ibikeri bihinduranya hamwe na alkaloide. .
Inguzanyo: Livia Eberlin
Ikaramu nini ya spekrometrike irashobora kwerekana uruhu rwibikeri byuburozi bitiriwe byangiza inyamaswa.
Inguzanyo: Ubumenyi / Zhenan Bao
Electrode irambuye, ikora irashobora gupima ibikorwa byamashanyarazi imitsi ya octopus.
AMATORA AKURIKIRA OCTOPUS
Gutegura bioelectronics birashobora kuba isomo ryo kumvikana.Polimeri zihindagurika akenshi ziba zikomeye uko amashanyarazi agenda atera imbere.Ariko itsinda ryabashakashatsi bayobowe na Zhenan Bao wo muri kaminuza ya Stanford ryazanye electrode irambuye kandi ikora, ihuza ibyiza byisi byombi.Pièce de résistance ya electrode ni ibice byayo bifatanye - buri gice cyateguwe neza kugirango kiyobore cyangwa cyoroshye kugirango kidashobora kurwanya imitungo yundi.Kugira ngo agaragaze ubushobozi bwayo, Bao yakoresheje electrode mu gukangura neurone mu bwonko bw’imbeba no gupima ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi imitsi ya octopus.Yerekanye ibyavuye mu bizamini byombi mu nama yo muri Amerika yaguye ya 2022.
BULLETPROOF WOOD
Inguzanyo: ACS Nano
Iyi ntwaro yimbaho irashobora kwirukana amasasu yangiritse cyane.
Muri uyu mwaka, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bayobowe na Huiqiao Li wo muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Huazhong bakoze ibirwanisho by’ibiti bikomeye bihagije kugira ngo bahoshe isasu ryarashwe na mm 9 (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021 / acsnano.1c10725).Imbaraga zinkwi zituruka kumpapuro zisimburana za lignocellulose hamwe na siloxane polymer.Lignocellulose irwanya kuvunika bitewe na hydrogène yayo ya kabiri, ishobora kongera gukora iyo ivunitse.Hagati aho, polymer ishobora guhinduka sturdier iyo ikubiswe.Kugira ngo akore ibikoresho, Li yakuye imbaraga kuri pirarucu, amafi yo muri Amerika yepfo afite uruhu rukomeye bihagije ku buryo adashobora kwihanganira amenyo y’urwembe rwa piranha.Kubera ko ibirwanisho bikozwe mu giti byoroheje kuruta ibindi bikoresho birwanya ingaruka, nk'ibyuma, abashakashatsi bemeza ko inkwi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gisirikare no mu ndege.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2022