Ibi bintu bidasanzwe byakuruye ibitekerezo by'abanditsi ba C&EN muri uyu mwaka.
by Krystal Vasquez
AMAYOBERA YA PEPTO-BISMOL
Ifoto: Nat. Commun.
Imiterere ya Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = umutuku; O = umutuku; C = imvi)
Muri uyu mwaka, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Stockholm ryamenyekanye ibanga ryari rimaze ikinyejana: imiterere ya bismuth subsalicylate, ikintu gikora muri Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0). Bakoresheje uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza electron, abashakashatsi basanze icyo kintu gitunganijwe mu byiciro bimeze nk'inkoni. Hagati muri buri nkoni, anion za ogisijeni zisimburana hagati yo guhuza bismuth cations eshatu n'enye. Anion za salicylate, hagati aho, zihuza bismuth binyuze mu matsinda yazo ya karubokisilike cyangwa phenolic. Bakoresheje ubuhanga bwa mikorosikope ya electron, abashakashatsi banavumbuye itandukaniro mu gushyiramo ibice. Bemeza ko iyi miterere idahwitse ishobora gusobanura impamvu imiterere ya bismuth subsalicylate yabashije kwihisha abahanga mu bya siyansi igihe kirekire.
Ifoto: Ubufasha bwa Roozbeh Jafari
Ibikoresho byo gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso bifatiwe ku kuboko bishobora gutanga ibipimo bihoraho by'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
Tatouage zo ku muvuduko w'amaraso
Mu myaka irenga 100, kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso byasabye ko ukuboko kwawe gukandamizwa n'agapira gashobora guhumeka. Ariko, kimwe mu bibi by'ubu buryo ni uko buri gipimo kigaragaza gusa ishusho nto y'ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi y'umuntu. Ariko mu 2022, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze "tatouage" y'igihe gito ya graphene ishobora gukurikirana umuvuduko w'amaraso amasaha menshi icyarimwe (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w). Urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho bikoresha karubone rukora rwohereza imiyoboro mito y'amashanyarazi mu kuboko k'uwambaye no gukurikirana uburyo ingufu zihinduka uko umuvuduko ugenda mu ngingo z'umubiri. Iyi gaciro ifitanye isano n'impinduka mu bunini bw'amaraso, uburyo algorithm ya mudasobwa ishobora guhinduramo ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amaraso wa systolic na diastolic. Nk'uko umwe mu banditsi b'ubushakashatsi, Roozbeh Jafari wo muri Kaminuza ya Texas A&M, yabitangaje, iki gikoresho cyatanga uburyo abaganga bwo gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umutima w'umurwayi mu gihe kirekire. Bishobora kandi gufasha abaganga gusesengura ibintu bitari ngombwa bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amaraso—nk'iyo umuntu agiye kwa muganga ahangayikishijwe n'imihangayiko.
ABAHANGA BABEREWE N'ABANTU
Inguzanyo: Mikal Schlosser / TU Danemark
Abakorerabushake bane bicaye mu cyumba kigenzurwa n’ikirere kugira ngo abashakashatsi bashobore kwiga uburyo abantu bagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’umwuka wo mu nzu.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bazi ko ibikoresho byo gusukura, irangi, n'ibitanga umwuka mwiza byose bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu. Abashakashatsi bavumbuye muri uyu mwaka ko abantu nabo bashobora kubikora. Mu gushyira abakorerabushake bane mu cyumba kigenzurwa n'ikirere, itsinda ryavumbuye ko amavuta karemano ku ruhu rw'abantu ashobora gukorana na ozone mu kirere bigatuma habaho radicals za hydroxyl (OH) (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126 / science.abn0340). Iyo amaze kubaho, aya ma radicals akoreshwa cyane ashobora gukora ogisijeni mu kirere no gukora molekile zishobora kwangiza. Amavuta y'uruhu agira uruhare muri ibi bikorwa ni squalene, ikorana na ozone igakora 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO). Ozone ikorana na 6-MHO igakora OH. Abashakashatsi barateganya kubaka kuri ubu bushakashatsi bakora ubushakashatsi ku buryo urwego rw'aya ma radicals ya hydroxyl akomoka ku bantu rushobora gutandukana bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye y'ibidukikije. Hagati aho, bizeye ko ibi bivumbuye bizatuma abahanga mu bya siyansi bongera gutekereza ku buryo basuzuma shimi yo mu nzu, kuko abantu badakunze kubonwa nk'isoko ry'ibyuka bihumanya.
Ubumenyi bw'ibikeri butekanye
Kugira ngo bige imiti yica ibikeri biva mu bikoko kugira ngo byirwaneho, abashakashatsi bagomba gufata ingero z'uruhu rw'inyamaswa. Ariko uburyo busanzwe bwo gufata ingero akenshi bwangiza izi nyamaswa zoroshye zo mu mazi cyangwa ndetse bigasaba kwica. Mu 2022, abahanga mu bya siyansi bateguye uburyo bwiza bwo gupima ibikeri bakoresheje igikoresho cyitwa MasSpec Pen, gikoresha icyuma gisa n'ikaramu kugira ngo gifate alkaloids ziri inyuma y'inyamaswa (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035). Iki gikoresho cyakozwe na Livia Eberlin, umuhanga mu bya chimie muri Kaminuza ya Texas i Austin. Cyari kigamije gufasha abaganga babaga gutandukanya hagati y'uturemangingo twiza n'uturemangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri w'umuntu, ariko Eberlin yamenye ko icyo gikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu kwiga ibikeri nyuma yo guhura na Lauren O'Connell, umuhanga mu binyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Stanford wiga uburyo ibikeri bikora imisemburo kandi bigakuraho alkaloids.
Ifoto: Livia Eberlin
Ikaramu ya spectrometry ishobora gupima uruhu rw'ibikeri by'uburozi nta ngaruka byagize ku nyamaswa.
Inguzanyo: Ubumenyi / Zhenan Bao
Electrode irambitse kandi iyobora ishobora gupima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imitsi y'impyisi.
ELECTRODE ZIKWIYE IMYENDA Y'INYAMA Y'IMBOGA
Gushushanya bioelectronics bishobora kuba isomo mu guhuza ibintu. Polima zoroshye zikunze gukomera uko imiterere yazo y'amashanyarazi irushaho kuba myiza. Ariko itsinda ry'abashakashatsi riyobowe na Zhenan Bao wo muri Kaminuza ya Stanford ryakoze electrode iramba kandi ikora neza, ihuza ibyiza byombi. Igice cyo kurwanya electrode ni ibice byayo bifatanye—buri gice gikozwe neza kugira ngo gitware cyangwa gikore neza kugira ngo kidahungabanya imiterere y'ikindi. Kugira ngo yerekane ubushobozi bwacyo, Bao yakoresheje electrode kugira ngo atere neurons mu bwonko bw'imbeba no gupima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imitsi y'impyisi. Yerekanye ibyavuye mu bizamini byombi mu nama ya American Chemical Society yo mu gihe cy'izuba rya 2022.
IBITI BITANGWA N'AMASASU
Inguzanyo: ACS Nano
Iyi ntwaro y'imbaho ishobora kwirukana amasasu nta ngaruka mbi nyinshi yangiza.
Muri uyu mwaka, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bayobowe na Huiqiao Li wo muri Kaminuza y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga ya Huazhong bakoze intwaro ikomeye bihagije yo kwirukana isasu rya 9 mm revolver (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725). Ingufu z'igiti zituruka ku mpapuro zacyo zisimburana za lignocellulose na polymer ya siloxane ifatanye. Lignocellulose irwanya kuvunika bitewe n'imigozi yayo ya hydrogen, ishobora kongera kwiyubaka iyo yavunitse. Hagati aho, polymer ishobora gucika iba ikomeye iyo ikubiswe. Kugira ngo Li akore ibikoresho, yakuyemo ibitekerezo kuri pirarucu, ifi yo muri Amerika y'Epfo ifite uruhu rukomeye bihagije rwo kwihanganira amenyo ya piranha atyaye nk'ay'icyuma. Kubera ko intwaro y'igiti yoroshye kurusha izindi zidashobora gukubita, nk'icyuma, abashakashatsi bemeza ko igiti gishobora gukoreshwa mu gisirikare no mu ndege.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2022