Abahanga mu bya chimie mu mashuri makuru n'inganda baraganira ku kizafatwa nk'ibihangano by'ingenzi umwaka utaha

Impuguke 6 zihanura ko ikoranabuhanga rya chimie rizagenda rirushaho kuba ryiza mu 2023

Abahanga mu bya chimie mu mashuri makuru n'inganda baraganira ku kizafatwa nk'ibihangano by'ingenzi umwaka utaha

Ifoto: Will Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock

MAHER EL-KADY, UMUYOBOZI MUKURU W'IKORANABUHANGA, ISHYIRAHAMWE RY'INYONGERABUHANGA, N'UMUSHINZWE AMASHANYARAZI, KAMINUZA YA CALIFORNIA, I LOS ANGELES

Ifoto: Ubufasha bwa Maher El-Kady

“Kugira ngo dukureho kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere, uburyo bwonyine nyabwo ni ugukoresha amashanyarazi kuva ku mazu kugeza ku modoka. Mu myaka mike ishize, twabonye iterambere rikomeye mu iterambere no gukora bateri zikomeye cyane zitezweho guhindura cyane uburyo tugenda tujya ku kazi no gusura inshuti n'umuryango. Kugira ngo twizere ko duhindura burundu amashanyarazi, haracyakenewe iterambere ryinshi mu bucucike bw'ingufu, igihe cyo kongera ingufu, umutekano, kongera gukoresha ingufu, n'ikiguzi kuri kilowati y'isaha. Umuntu ashobora kwitega ko ubushakashatsi ku mabati buzakomeza kwiyongera mu 2023, aho umubare w'abahanga mu bya shimi n'abahanga mu by'ibikoresho bakorera hamwe kugira ngo bafashe gushyira imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu muhanda.”

KLAUS LACKNER, Umuyobozi w'Ikigo gishinzwe imyuka mibi ya karuboni muri Kaminuza ya Leta ya Arizona

Ifoto: Kaminuza ya Leta ya Arizona

“Kuva kuri COP27, [inama mpuzamahanga y’ibidukikije yabereye mu Gushyingo mu Misiri], intego y’ikirere cya dogere selisiyusi 1.5 yari itaraboneka, ishimangira ko hakenewe gukuraho karubone. Kubwibyo, 2023 hazabaho iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata ikirere mu buryo butaziguye. Bitanga uburyo bwo kwagura imyuka mibi ihumanya ikirere, ariko birahenze cyane ku bijyanye no gucunga imyanda ya karubone. Ariko, gufata ikirere mu buryo butaziguye bishobora gutangira ari bike kandi bikiyongera aho kwiyongera mu bwinshi. Kimwe n’ingufu z’izuba, ibikoresho byo gufata ikirere mu buryo butaziguye bishobora gukorwa ku bwinshi. Umusaruro mwinshi wagaragaje ko ikiguzi cyagabanutse ku bwinshi. 2023 ishobora gutanga ishusho y’ikoranabuhanga ryatanzwe rishobora kubyaza umusaruro ku kugabanya ikiguzi kiri mu gukora ibintu byinshi.”

RALPH MARQUARDT, UMUYOBOZI MUKURU W’UDUSHYA MU NZEGO ZA EVONIK

Inguzanyo: Evonik Industries

“Guhagarika imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni igikorwa gikomeye. Bishobora kugira icyo bigeraho gusa iyo dukoresheje umutungo muke cyane. Ubukungu nyakuri bw’uruziga ni ingenzi kuri ibi. Inkunga y’inganda zikora imiti muri ibi irimo ibikoresho bishya, inzira nshya, n’inyongeramusaruro bifasha mu gutunganya inzira yo kongera gukoresha ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe. Bituma kongera gukoresha imashini mu buryo bunoze kandi bigatuma imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bufite akamaro ndetse no mu gihe kitari isanzwe. Guhindura imyanda mu bikoresho by’agaciro bisaba ubuhanga buturutse mu nganda zikora imiti. Mu buryo nyabwo, imyanda irasubirwamo kandi ikaba ibikoresho by’agaciro ku bicuruzwa bishya. Ariko, tugomba kwihuta; udushya twacu turakenewe ubu kugira ngo ubukungu bw’uruziga bube bwiza mu gihe kizaza.”

SARAH E. O'CONNOR, Umuyobozi w'Ishami ry'Ubushakashatsi ku Bidukikije by'Ibikomoka ku Bimera, Ikigo cya Max Planck gishinzwe Ubutaka bw'Ibimera

Ifoto: Sebastian Reuter

“Ubuhanga bwa ‘-Omics’ bukoreshwa mu kuvumbura imiterere y’uturemangingo n’imisemburo bagiteri, ibihumyo, ibimera, n’ibindi binyabuzima bikoresha mu gukora ibintu bitoroshye karemano. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo n’imisemburo zishobora gukoreshwa, akenshi hamwe n’imikorere ya shimi, kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gukora biocatalytic butangiza ibidukikije ku ngirabuzimafatizo zitabarika. Ubu dushobora gukora ‘-omics’ ku ngirabuzimafatizo imwe. Ndateganya ko tuzareba uburyo transcriptomics y’uturemangingo twinshi na genomics zihindura umuvuduko tubona izi ngirabuzimafatizo n’imisemburo. Byongeye kandi, metabolomics y’uturemangingo twinshi ubu irashoboka, idufasha gupima ingano y’ibinyabutabire mu turemangingo twinshi, biduha ishusho nyayo y’uko imikorere y’uturemangingo ari uruganda rw’ibinyabutabire.”

RICHMOND SARPONG, UMUSHINZWE UBUMENYI BW'IBIMENYETSO, KAMINUZA YA CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Ifoto: Niki Stefanelli

“Gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima, urugero nk’uburyo bwo gutandukanya imiterere y’ibintu n’uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, bizakomeza kugaragara bitewe n’iterambere mu kwiga imashini, bizanatuma habaho kwihuta mu gutunganya no guhanura ibikorwa. Izi ntambwe zizatanga uburyo bushya bwo gutekereza ku gutandukanya imiterere y’ibintu. Uburyo bumwe bwo kubikora ni uguhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo, ubundi ni ukugira ingaruka ku mpinduka mu gice cy’imbere cy’uturemangingo binyuze mu guhindura uduce tw’uturemangingo. Kubera ko ibice by’uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima bigizwe n’imigozi ikomeye nka karubone-karubone, azote-karubone, na ogisijeni-karubone, ndizera ko tuzabona ukwiyongera k’uburyo bwo gukora ubwo bwoko bw’imigozi, cyane cyane mu buryo budakomeye. Iterambere mu gukataza imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’izuba naryo rishobora gutanga icyerekezo gishya mu gutunganya amagufwa.”

ALISON WENDLANDT, UMUSHINZWE UBUMENYI BW'IBIMENYETSO, IKIGO CY'IKORANABUHANGA CYA MASSACHUSETTS

Ifoto: Justin Knight

“Mu 2023, abahanga mu bya shimi bazakomeza gushyira imbere ibintu bidasanzwe mu guhitamo. Ntegereje ko uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bukomeza kwiyongera, butanga ubuziranenge ku rwego rwa atome ndetse n’ibikoresho bishya byo guhindura ibintu bishya. Nkomeje guhumekwa no guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryari risanzwe rikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya shimi: ibikoresho bya biocatalytic, electrochemical, fotochemical, n’ibikoresho by’ubumenyi bw’amakuru bigezweho biri kugenda birushaho kuba byiza. Ntegereje ko uburyo bwo gukoresha ibi bikoresho buzakomeza gukura, bukatuzanira shimi tutari twigeze dutekereza ko bishoboka.”

Icyitonderwa: Ibisubizo byose byoherejwe binyuze kuri imeri.